Carburetor



Sept. 7, 1937. c. B. PIERCE 2,092,015

CARBURE'IOR Original Filed April 7, 1953 a lu. a

Patented Sept. 7, 1937 UNITED STATES CARBURETOR Clayton B. Pierce, Boston, Mass.

Application April '7, 1933, Serial No. 665,003 Renewed December 30, 1936 8 Claims.

This invention relates to carburetors and more particularly to a carburetor having a nozzle so constructed that the fuel drawn therefrom will be thoroughly atomized by creating a-turbulence of the air passing by said nozzle so as to atomize the fuel instead of allowing the stream of gas to be drawn into the carbureting passage from the nozzle in a solid stream.

Another object. of my invention is to provide a carburetor havinga nozzle provided with a ripper edge which distorts the air stream passing thereby and creates a turbulence so that the fuel being drawn from the nozzle by the suction of the engine will flow laterally over the top of the nozzle by a capillary action in order to allow the film of fuel to be picked up by the, air and thoroughly vaporized.

A still further object of my invention is to'provide a nozzle which is capable ofbeing used with either what is known in the art as a plain tube carburetor or what is known in the art as an air valve carburetor, the construction being such that the air passing therebycreates a turbulence so as to out the film of fuel flowing over the top of the nozzle in order to thoroughly vaporize the same.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter set forth and the novel features thereof defined in the appended claims.

, In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, through a plain tube type of carburetor showing a nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention arranged therein; a

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the upper portion of a nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention; 1 I V Figure 3 is atop plan view of the same; I

Figure 4 is a vertical section through an upper portion ofa slightlyv modified form of nozzle;

Figure 5 is a top plan view of the'same;

\ Figure 6 is a vertical section through a nozzle constructed in accordance..with my invention showing the head formed detachable and screwed within the stern of the nozzle; and

Figure 7 is a detail section through .a modified form of nozzle with a single ripping edge by forming the-head with an annular enlargement. I

In the drawing I have illustrated my invention as applied to a plain tube carburetor of the conventional type comprising a body I having. a carbureting passage 2 provided with an air inlet 3 controlled by a valve 4. The-outlet ofthe'carburs ing p g is p o ided with a throttle valv The nozzle extends upwardly into a Venturi tube ID and while I have shown my improved construction of nozzle disposed in a plaintubecarburetor of this kind, I wish it' to be clearly understood that the form of nozzle herein shown and described can be used in connection with any form of charge forming device and placed in said charge forming device in any position desired and thereforeI do not wish to limit myself to the use of a Venturi tube or to any other particular construction of carbureting passage as I am fully aware that my form of nozzle can be placed in the carbureting passage in any posi-' tion desired so long as it is arranged with the head disposed in the path of travel of air passing through said carburetor whereby the peculiar atomizing effect obtained by my nozzle will be obtained.

In a companion application executed evendate herewith I show the embodiment of my invention in connection with what is known as an air valve type of carburetor of the Marvel type and the nozzle is arranged within a particular construction of atomizing tube wherein there is a cooperation between the particularconstruction of atomizing tube and the particular construction of nozzle, but I have foundin practice that my nozzle will function to thoroughly atomize fuel when arranged in a carbureting passage irrespective of the particular formation of. said passage.

The nozzle 9 is provided with a threaded por tion II which is adapted to be screwed into the threaded portion of the upwardly-extending fuel passage, the same being provided with a wrench receiving face as clearly shown. The stem l2 of the nozzle is provided with-an enlarged head l3 having a central conical depression id in communication with the fuel bore [5 formed therein, which communicates with the fuel passage it. While I have shown the particular construction of forming the fuel passage l6 and the fuel bore l5, it is, of course, understood that the particular construction of bore l5 and fuel passage 16 is immaterial so long as the fuel from the constant level reservoir is maintained at a predetermined level within the head which is herein shown on the dotted lines A-A of Figure 2 which is sub stantially on the line of the termination of the bore I5.

The head is provided with an annular fiat portion IT surrounding the conical recess l4 which is surrounded by a conical or beveled portion l8 terminating in a vertical Wall l9 undercut at 20 to form a fiat face which intersects a vertical wall 2| which is also undercut at 22 which intersects a vertical wall 23 which is also undercut to form a horizontal face 24 in order to form a series of annular shoulders gradually increasing from the stem to the top of the head, these faces forming ripping edges for distorting the air in its passage thereby whereby turbulence is set up in order to atomize the fuelwhich is being drawn out of the nozzleas will behereinafter fully set forth.

These annularly disposed faces form a head formed of Walls, the intersections of which form straight lines.

It will be noted that the undercut portions of the annular shoulders are substantially at right angles to the circumferential faces of these annular shoulders in order to form a plurality of ripping edges and while in the preferred embodiment of my invention I show a plurality of ripping edges, a single ripping edge as shown in Figure '7 will create a turbulence so as to atomize the fuel passing thereby .and therefore I do not wish to limit myself to the use of any number of ripping edges so long as the nozzle is constructed with an enlarged annular head provided with a fiat upper surface over which the fuel flows by capillary action so as to be picked up by the turbulence created by the ripping edge.

In the modification shown in Figures 4 and 5 the stem 25 of the nozzle is provided with a fuel passage 26 which registers with a bore 2'! extending through an enlarged head which is formed by a series of annular shoulders 28 gradually decreasing in size from the top of the head towards the stem in order to form a plurality of ripping edges, the fuel bore 2i registering with a conical recess 29 formed in the top of the head which is surrounded by an annular flat portion 3i and in this construction the outer circumferential face 3| intersects the horizontal flat face 30 at substantially right angles while in the preferred embodiment of ,my invention, the circumferential face l9 intersects the beveled face at an obtuse angle, but in practice I have found that in both forms the fuel is thoroughly,atom ized by the turbulence created by the ripping edges. v V

In the modification shown in Figure 6 the stem is formed of a bottom section 32 and a top section 33 having a head 34 constructed substantially as shown in the modification shown in Figures 4 and 5 wherein the head is formed of a series of annular shoulders which gradually decrease in size from the top of the head towards the stem in order to form a plurality of ripping edges for creating a turbulence of the air passing thereby.

In the modification shown in Figure 7 I show a nozzle 35 with an annular enlarged head 36 which is provided with a conical recess 3'8 in its top communicating with the fuel bore 38 and I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not wish to limit myself to the number of ripping edges employed on the nozzle so long as the nozzle is provided with an enlarged head forming an obstruction to the passage of air passing thereby so that the ripping edge of the head creates a turbulence of the air passing the nozzle so as to atomize the fuel being drawn therefrom.

In the operation of a carburetor constructed in accordance with my invention wherein a fuel nozzle is disposed in a carbureting passage having an enlarged head with one or more ripping edges, the fuel is maintained at a predetermined level within the fuel nozzle which is at substantially the bottom of the recess formed in the top of the head. When the fuel flows or is drawn by suction through the nozzle, it first fills the recess formed in the top thereof and instead of being drawn out of the nozzle in a slug or a solid stream, it flows by capillary attraction over the horizontal or upper face of the nozzle and is then picked up by the turbulence created by the ripping edge of the nozzle and thoroughly atomized so that it is delivered into the mixing chamber or carbureting passage of the charge forming device in a thoroughly atomized condition as all of the heavy particles are broken up by the turbulence created.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the enlarged head of the nozzle forms an obstruction to the air so that the velocity of the air passing thereby is increased and as it is defiected laterally by the under face or faces of the head, as the case may be, a turbulence is created which picks up the film of fuel flowing over the upper surface of the nozzle and thoroughly atomizes the same.

Applicant is not able to state positively what actually takes place in the operation of a carburetor as herein shown and described so far as the flow of fuel from the nozzle and the impingement of the air on the flow of fuel over the edge of the nozzle but has assumed that by attraction fuel flows over the nozzle instead of being drawn out of the same in a stream and is picked up by the eddies of air created. by the ripping edge and he therefore reserves the right to have any interpretation placed on the terms used in describing the action of the nozzle after further experiments have been made, but from the experiments so far made has found that, certain phenomenal results are obtained as when a carburetor constructed in accordance with his invention is substituted for other makes of carburetors on an internal combustion engine, the horse power is increased as well as the mileage per gallon and that the flexibility of the engine with a carburetor constructed in accordance with his,,invention is greatly increased and applicant is able to use low test gasoline and yet obtain better results than obtained when a high grade gasoline is used which leads one to believe that the turbulence created breaks up the particles of fuel and thoroughly atomizes the same so that they are discharged into the air stream in a thoroughly atomized condition.

While I have shown certain details of construction, I wish it to be clearly understood that I reserve the right to make such modifications as will come under the scope and claims of my patent without departing from the spirit of my invention as I am aware that a carburetor can be formed of various designs and a nozzle used constructed in accordance with my invention which will thoroughly atomize the fuel drawn therefrom and therefore I do not wish to limit myself to the use of my nozzle in any particular type of carburetor.

What I claim is:

stem having an enlarged head formed by a series of annular projections gradually increasing in size from the stem to the top of the head, the walls of said projections being arranged at an angle to one another.

2. A carburetor comprising a carbureting passage having a venturi arranged therein, a nozzle extending into said venturi and terminating at the most restricted portion thereof, said nozzle being formed of a head provided with a plurality of annular projections gradually decreasing in size from the upper end towards the lower end thereof, the walls of said projections being arranged at an angle to one another to provide sharp ripping edges.

3. A carburetor comprising a casing having a carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a fuel mixture outlet, a constant level fuel reservoir in which fuel is maintained at a predetermined level, a fuel nozzle in communication with said constant level reservoir having an enlarged head terminating slightly above the level of fuel in said constant level reservoir, said head having a vertical bore terminating in an enlarged conical portion surrounded by a horizontally disposed fiat portion, the outer vertical face of said head being arranged substantially at right angles to the substantially horizontally disposed flat portion to provide a sharp ripping edge for the air passing thereby. v

4. A carburetor having a carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a fuel mixture outlet, a constant level reservoir in which fuel is adapted to be maintained at a predetermined level, a fuel nozzle disposed in said carbureting passage comprising a stem having an enlarged head terminating slightly above the level of fuel in said reservoir, said nozzle having a fuel passage extending longitudinally therethrough in communication at one end with said constant level reservoir and at its other end with a recess formed in the top of said head, the head of said nozzle being stepped and formed of Walls arranged at right angles to one another to provide sharp ripping edges, said head gradually decreasing in size from the top downwardly.

5. A carburetor having a fuel nozzle disposed therein provided with an enlarged stepped head having an annular depression surrounding the fuel passage thereof having a marginal annular flat portion surrounding the annular depression, the greatest diameter of said head being at the upper end thereof, the outer walls of said head being arranged at substantially right angles to the flat portion of said head and the under faces of said head to form sharp ripping edges for causing the air passing thereby to create a turbulence for the fuel flowing over the upper face of said nozzle.

6. A carburetor comprising a casing having a carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a fuel mixture outlet, a constant level fuel reservoir in which fuel is maintained at a predetermined level, a fuel nozzle disposed in said carbureting passage in communication with said constant level reservoir, said nozzle having an enlarged head terminating slightly above the level of fuel in said constant level reservoir, said enlarged head being formed by a series of annular projections gradually increasing in size from the stem to the top of the head, the walls of said projections being arranged at substantially right angles to one another to form a plurality of ripping edges for the air passing thereby.

7. A carburetor having a constant level fuel reservoir in which fuel is maintained at a predetermined level, a fuel nozzle for said carburetor comprising a stem having an enlarged head terminating in a plane slightly above the fuel level in said reservoir, said nozzle having a fuel passage extending longitudinally therethrough in commmunication with said constant level reservoir at one end and terminating at its other end in an enlarged conical portion in the top of said head surrounded by an annular flat portion, the outer face of said head being formed at right angles to the under face of said head and the fuel outlet of said nozzle terminating in a plane below the upper face of said head.

8. A carburetor having a constant level reservoir, a fuel nozzle in communication with said reservoir, said nozzle comprising a stem terminating in an enlarged head having its upper end arranged above the enormal level of fuel in said reservoir, said head having its outer wall stepped to form abrupt projections gradually decreasing in size from the top downwardly forming obstructions to the air passing said nozzle.

CLAYTON B. PIERCE. 

